Modern image recovery activities are high and safe procedures that allow us to eliminate almost all scientific problems.They have been successfully used for decades, so the methods are constantly developing, expanding and becoming more effective.Improve visual functions achieved by using hardware correction of cornea, lens, retina and other elements of the optical system of the eye.The proper chosen technology not only allows complete restoration of vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.From the article, you will learn about the activities of the science, indicators and risks that can exist.
Type
Thanks to the development of medical hardware methods, visual invasion procedures and minimum are reliable and minimal invasion.Their time does not exceed a few hours and in the future does not need complicated recovery measures.The selection of surgical treatment is selected depending on the disease, age and general condition of the patient's visual equipment.
Laser adjustment
The most common type to adjust vision.Nowadays, these are highly effective and minimum of the risk of being honed and the risk of minimum complications.Allow you to deal with myopia, farsighted and astigmatism.After the procedure, vision is maintained for a long time and if you follow all the instructions of the ophthalmologist, you can avoid repetitive intervention.There are several types of laser adjustments:
- LASIK.Types of basic activities to restore vision.First, the surface layer of the cornea is separated by microcarata, and then, using a laser, a change in its shape is made.The main disadvantage of this type of adjustment is that it is incapable of taking into account the personal characteristics of the patient's eye surgery;
- Super Lasik.An advanced version of traditional Lasik method.Allows you to achieve better results, as it takes into account the structure of the patient's visual system.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.A similar type of activity, the only difference is that the cutting corneal cut is not by Microcarat, but by a special Femo laser.There is an improved version in which the operation process depends on the patient's personal characteristics - Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-Lasik.The mechanism of the procedure is identical to the traditional Lasik method, but such an activity is only prescribed for patients with thin cornea (obtained or congenital);
- PrK (FRK).Photographic removal surgery has been carried out since 1985. Today, it has been applied to the presence of contraindications to conventional adjustment methods, for example, with a delicate corneal, serious ophthalmic diseases.The healing process is always painful, the recovery time lasts longer than other methods.
The visual adjustment activity lasts for no more than 15 minutes.After the procedure, wearing protective clothes for a few hours, as well as imbued for 1-2 months, is necessary.The risk of complications is at least, repeated treatment is necessary with significant reduced vision.
Cutting surgery
This is a procedure for completely removing or part of the lens body of the eyeball.It is done under synthetic or local anesthesia, in case of no complications, it exceeds 2-3 hours.First, the small puncture is performed in the eye sockets, through which the next operations are performed.As a rule, this is an effort by a laser of the affected areas of the retina, the density of foreign or restoring the integrity of the fabric.Procedures are specified for the following issues:
- Restores visual function after bleeding in the eye tissue;
- Preventing the separation of retina related to age;
- Treatment of serious retinopathy of the eye, including overall or new veins (germination of blood vessels) occurs.
Artificial polymers, air bubbles, silicon oils or balanced salt solution are used to replace the glass body.The second type is used more often, because in the future, there is no need to work repeatedly - the salt solution is then replaced by internal liquid.
After surgery, side effects can be in the form of corneal swelling, increased intraocular pressure or even more vision.Restoration and forecast depends on the vastness of the lesions, as well as the type of prosthetic leg when replacing the body of the lens.If there are irreversible changes in the optic nerve, the vision adjustment is almost impossible.
Screroplasty
A common scientific label process to enhance the outer shell of the eye (SCLERA).It is prescribed so as not to adjust visual functions, but to stabilize the level of myopia in patients from risk groups.Should be done by adolescents with this problem, because at this age, the shape of the eye is actively changing.
During operation, the number of materials needed to enhance SCLERA was introduced behind the rear wall of the eyeball.Polymers or biological components are often used.After that, a sudden increase occurred with the outer shell of the eye, and after a few months, the blood vessels needed to maintain the visual function developed into flap.There is a simplified version of SCLEROPLASTY.It is an introduction of an artificial or biological substance for the eyeball.The mechanism of action in such a technology is identical - preventing the growth of the eyeball.
Screroplasty
This is a good actual activity that has not changed over the years.It is done in most clinics.In fact, there is no side effects, except for allergies that can occur with drugs.A second activity is often required.
Replace the lens
The necessary activity is prescribed in the process of blurring or any other degeneration process in the lens, for example, cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but the transplant is selected individually, depending on the age, gender and the severity of the pathological changes in the eye.Replacement of Crystalus is specified in the following cases:
- The high level of myopia and farsightedness;
- significantly reducing refractive;
- The process of regeneration in the eye, reducing vision related to age;
- The impossible of laser vision restoration;
- cataract;
- Probability of developing glaucoma on the basis of systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure always takes place under local anesthesia.During the surgery, the surgeon performed a small laser incision, then the patient's lens was diluted with a special tool and removed him from his eyes.After that, a transplant was prepared to be installed.The intervention lasts for more than 25 minutes, no need to apply the connection and recovery in the hospital.
Activities are carried out in most private and state clinics.There are usually no complications after operation, but the next laser vision adjustment is often prescribed.In rare cases, the conversion of lenses is necessary.
Keratoplasty (replacing cornea)
One of the most modern and complex medical activities, which is related to many risks and requires a high level of surgeons.It is necessary to restore the surgical integrity and the physiological function of the cornea.It is prescribed to treat congenital or acquired defects due to injury or disease.Healthy fabric for transplantation is only performed at donors, but the development of artificial replacement is carried out in many countries.Keratoplasty is recommended to solve the following issues:
- Treatment of corneal diseases (Belko, melody disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital defects.
Activities are performed for no more than 30 minutes.During the procedure, the surgeon with laser or special surgeon will eliminate part of the corneal patient and the donor's fabric transplant in its position.The connection lines may exist for a year, then a special lens is chosen to reduce the risk of infection.The recovery time is from 4 weeks, including antibiotics, but it is necessary to check regularly for the entire next year.
In recent years, it has been significantly reduced the risk of donor's fabric refusal due to the use of special preparations in the process of handling and storage.
Laser blood clotting
Methods of restoring retinal tissue.The effectiveness of the method is more than 70%and 24 hours after implementation, you can return to the usual lifestyle.The observation of an ophthalmologist is necessary within a year after the procedure.
Today, the operation is done using laser, allowing you to do without blood loss.Anesthesia is carried out in the locality, the procedure takes no more than 20 minutes.
Before contacting with lasers, droplets to expand the pupil, and then place a special protective lens, thereby exposing the infection at a low frequency.Due to high temperatures, gluing damaged cells, as well as small blood vessels.
Blood coagulation process is necessary for any damage and disease of the retina, as well as the eyes and disease of the blood vessel system of this organ.After surgery, inflammation and clouds are possible.For many years after repairing, it is impossible to participate in heavy physical labor and active sports.
Horizontal link
An effective method to treat different cornea diseases.It is done to strengthen the ligament and other fibers in corneal tissues, which is necessary for keratoconus to different levels or degenerative, degenerative process.
Activities are conducted under local anesthesia.First, a small part of the cornea is cut with a special device and vitamin B2 is absorbed into the open area.The next irradiation allows you to be 200%more compact.The first week after surgery, need to wear protective contact lenses and for 6 months to be checked by the doctor.The effectiveness of the procedure still exists for 10 years, after which it is necessary to have a repetitive activity.
Complications are observed in rare cases.Patients may reduce vision, inflammation or corneal obscure can occur.
Treatment of glaucoma
The scientific label activity for different levels of glaucoma is necessary when treatment with drugs does not bring the necessary results.Activity is performed by laser or surgery.
Laser method is considered the most successful.He is completely painless for patients, and in fact there is no complication.During the procedure, a hole is created with a beam through which the liquid is removed from the eye tissue for normalization of pressure.It is used to treat all kinds of glaucoma.
The type of manual surgery is less effective because of the risk of complications after the procedure.As a rule, this is a deep fiber surgery that does not cause.The purpose of the method is to reduce the internal pressure by using a slight thinness of the cornea layer.
Effective after both types of operation decrease over time.On average, after 5-7 years, a second activity is needed.This period can be expanded by using competent drug treatment.
Conclude
Today, in most modern ophthalmic clinics, some surgical procedures are carried out to adjust vision.These are highly accurate methods that you can solve almost all eye defects.The choice of a method depends on a number of factors - age, disease, personal characteristics of the structure of the patient's visual system.After the surgery, the effect occurs almost immediately and if all the prescriptions of the doctor are observed, vision can be preserved for a long time.